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[Cancer Research 63, 3386-3394, June 15, 2003]
© 2003 American Association for Cancer Research


Tumor Biology

The Gatekeeper Effect of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Regulates the Frequency of Breast Cancer Metastasis1

Chengsen Xue2, David Plieth2, Christo Venkov, Carol Xu and Eric G. Neilson3

Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology and the Vanderbilt-Ingram, Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232

When carcinoma cells metastasize, they change their phenotype to enhance motility. Cells making this switch selectively express S100A4, a p53-associated, calcium-binding protein known in the fibroblast literature as fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1). FSP1 normally acts as a conversion signal for the local formation of tissue fibroblasts by epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We describe here a novel connection between the process of fibroblast development and the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype in genetically engineered mice with mammary carcinoma. More frequent lung metastases were observed in naïve recipients given purified populations of green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ tumor cells harvested from PyV-mT x FSP1+/+.GFP F1 mice compared with GFP- tumor cells (P ≤ 0.01), where GFP expression is under the control of the FSP1 promoter. The expression of GFP in these metastases reversibly attenuates with the establishment of secondary tumor nodules. Reduced numbers of metastases were also observed in PyV-mT x FSP1GFP/GFP F1 mice carrying null alleles for FSP1 (P ≤ 0.04) and in PyV-mT x FSP1.{Delta}TK+ F1 mice rescued with nucleoside analogues while expressing thymidine kinase under the control of the FSP1 promoter (P ≤ 0.01). We propose that epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated with the expression of FSP1 in tumor cells has a functional role in determining the latency of tumor dispersion and may be a convenient therapeutic target for controlling a key initiating event in metastatic progression.




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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
Molecular Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Research
Cancer Prevention Journals Portal Cancer Reviews Online
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