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p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Suppresses Cell Survival by Inducing Dephosphorylation of Mitogen-activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Kinase1,2¹

Turku Centre for Biotechnology [S-P. L., M. R. J., V-M. K., J. W.], University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University and Departments of Medical Biochemistry and Dermatology [V-M. K.], University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland, and Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92121 [J. H.]

Raf/mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)1,2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase1,2 and MKK3,6/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways play an important role in cellular survival and apoptosis. The results of this study identify novel mechanisms to explain the opposing effects of these pathways in the regulation of apoptosis induction. Our results show that activation of p38 by adenoviral expression of MKK3b or arsenite treatment was followed by rapid dephosphorylation of MEK1,2 and subsequent apoptosis in human skin fibroblasts. Inhibition of p38 activity by SB203580 and adenoviral expression of dominant-negative forms of p38 potently inhibited MEK1,2 dephosphorylation and apoptosis. Strikingly, p38-mediated dephosphorylation of MEK1,2, was not detected in a series of transformed human cell lines. Taken together, we provide evidence for mechanisms unidentified previously that negatively regulates survival signaling during apoptosis induction. In addition, we show that in all transformed cell lines we have studied thus far, the function of this pathway is impaired.

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