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[Cancer Research 63, 4342-4346, August 1, 2003]
© 2003 American Association for Cancer Research

Advances in Brief

Maximum Tolerable Dose and Low-Dose Metronomic Chemotherapy Have Opposite Effects on the Mobilization and Viability of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells1

Francesco Bertolini2, Saki Paul, Patrizia Mancuso, Silvia Monestiroli, Alberto Gobbi, Yuval Shaked and Robert S. Kerbel

Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine [F. B., S. P., P. M.] and Department of Experimental Oncology, IFOM-Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology [S. M., A. G.], European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy; Molecular and Cell Biology Research, Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5 Canada [Y. S., R. S. K.]

There is growing evidence that vasculogenesis (progenitor cell-derived generation of new blood vessels) is required for the growth of some neoplastic diseases. Here we show that the administration of cyclophosphamide (CTX) at the maximum tolerable dose with 21-day breaks or at more frequent low-dose (metronomic) schedules have opposite effects on the mobilization and viability of circulating endothelial progenitors (CEPs) in immunodeficient mice bearing human lymphoma cells. Animals treated with the maximum tolerable dose CTX experienced a robust CEP mobilization a few days after the end of a cycle of drug administration, and tumors rapidly became drug resistant. Conversely, the administration of metronomic CTX was associated with a consistent decrease in CEP numbers and viability and with more durable inhibition of tumor growth. Our findings suggest that metronomic low-dose chemotherapy regimens are particularly promising for avoiding CEP mobilization and, hence, to potentially reduce vasculogenesis-dependent mechanisms of tumor growth.




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