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IARC, Lyon, Cedex 8, France [M. O., D. E. G., H. O., P. K., P. H.]; Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Surrey SM2 5PT, United Kingdom [N. S., R. A. E.]; and Cancer Genetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom [R. A. E.]
A database has been created to collect information on families carrying a germ-line mutation in the TP53 gene and on families affected with Li-Fraumeni syndromes [Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome (LFL)]. Data from the published literature have been included. The database is available online at http://www.iarc.fr/p53, as part of the IARC TP53 Database. The analysis of the 265 families/individuals that have been included thus far has revealed several new findings. In classical LFS families with a germ-line TP53 mutation (83 families), the mean age of onset of breast cancer was significantly lower than in LFS families (16 families) without a TP53 mutation (34.6 versus 42.5 years; P = 0.0035). In individuals with a TP53 mutation, a correlation between the genotype and phenotype was found. Brain tumors were associated with missense TP53 mutations located in the DNA-binding loop that contact the minor groove of DNA (P = 0.01), whereas adrenal gland carcinomas were associated with missense mutations located in the loops opposing the protein-DNA contact surface (P = 0.003). Finally, mutations likely to result in a null phenotype (absence of the protein or loss of function) were associated with earlier onset brain tumors (P = 0.004). These observations have clinical implications for genetic testing and tumor surveillance in LFS/LFL families.
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