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Experimental Therapeutics |
Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 [D. S., J. S. H., J. S. M., D. Y.]; Molecular Biology Division, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010 [S-L. L.]; and Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Japan [Y. F-Y.]
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) stimulate breast cancer proliferation, motility, and survival.The type I IGF receptor (IGF1R) mediates the effects of IGF-I. Thus, inhibition of IGF1R activation could inhibit IGF action in breast cancer cells. A single-chain antibody directed against IGF1R (IGF1R scFv-Fc) has been shown to partially inhibit xenograft growth of MCF-7 cells in athymic mice. In this study, we have examined the effects of scFv-Fc on IGF1R signaling in the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The antibody stimulated IGF1R activation in vitro in MCF-7 cells and was unable to block IGF-I effects. The antibody also stimulated proliferation of MCF-7 cells in monolayer growth assays. To determine how scFv-Fc could stimulate in vitro growth yet inhibit in vivo tumor growth, we examined the effect of scFv-Fc on IGF1R expression. In MCF-7 cells, scFv-Fc down-regulated IGF1R levels after 2 h, and the levels were greatly reduced after 24 h. In contrast, IGF-I treatment over the same time period did not affect IGF1R levels. Twenty-four-h pretreatment of cells with scFv-Fc blocked IGF-I mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and subsequent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase activation. In contrast, cells treated with 5 nM IGF-I for 24 h still retained the ability to further activate downstream signaling pathways in response to IGF-I. Moreover, pretreatment of MCF-7 cells with scFv-Fc rendered them refractory to further proliferation induced by additional IGF-I. Twenty-four-h pretreatment of cells with scFv-Fc also inhibited IGF-I stimulated anchorage-independent growth. scFv-Fc did not enhance antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In vivo, treatment of mice bearing MCF-7 xenograft tumors with scFv-Fc resulted in near complete down-regulation of IGF1R. Our data show that scFv-Fc stimulates biochemical activation of IGF1R, then causes receptor down-regulation, making MCF-7 cells refractory to additional IGF-I exposure. These results indicate that such chimeric single-chain antibodies against IGF1R have future potential in breast cancer therapy by causing down-regulation of receptor.
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