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Endocrinology |
1Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and 2Anatomy, and 3Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, and 4Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
Studies indicate that estrogen receptor (ER)
mediates breast cancer-promoting effects of estrogens. The role of ERß in breast cancer is unknown. Elucidating the role of ERß in the pathogenesis of breast cancer is important because many human breast tumors express both ER
and ERß. We show that adenovirus-mediated expression of ERß changes the phenotype of ER
-positive MCF-7 cells. Estradiol increases cell proliferation and causes tumor formation of MCF-7 cells expressing only ER
. In contrast, introducing ERß into MCF-7 cells causes an inhibition of proliferation in vitro and prevents tumor formation in a mouse xenograft model in response to estradiol. ERß inhibits proliferation by repressing c-myc, cyclin D1, and cyclin A gene transcription, and increasing the expression of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1, which leads to a G2 cell cycle arrest. These results demonstrate that ER
and ERß produce opposite effects in MCF-7 cells on cell proliferation and tumor formation. Natural or synthetic ERß-selective estrogens may lack breast cancer promoting properties exhibited by estrogens in hormone replacement regimens and may be useful for chemoprevention of breast cancer.
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