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Department of Biological Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
The sigma (
) receptor and its agonists have been implicated in a myriad of cellular functions, biological processes and diseases. Whereas the precise molecular mechanism(s) of receptors and their involvement in cancer cell biology have not been elucidated, recent work has started to shed some light on these issues. A molecular model has been proposed for the cloned 1 receptor; the precise molecular nature of the 2 receptor remains unknown. receptors have been found to be frequently up-regulated in human cancer cells and tissues. 2 receptor drugs particularly have been shown to have antiproliferative effects. An interesting possibility is that and/or 1 drugs could produce anticancerous effects by modulating ion channels. As well as proliferation, a variety of other metastatic cellular behaviors such as adhesion, motility, and secretion may also be affected. Other mechanisms of receptor action may involve interaction with ankyrin and modulation of intracellular Ca2+ and sphingolipid levels. Although more research is needed to further define the molecular physiology of receptors, their involvement in the cellular pathophysiology of cancer raises the possibility that drugs could be useful as novel therapeutic agents.
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