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SHP-2-Dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation Regulates EGFRvIII but not Wild-Type Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Phosphorylation and Glioblastoma Cell Survival

Departments of ¹ Neurosurgery and ² Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

In human glioblastomas, the most common mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an in-frame deletion of an 801-bp sequence in the extracellular domain of EGFR termed EGFRvIII. The EGFRvIII does not bind ligand EGF but has constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation (pTyr) content and kinase activity that result in enhanced transformation, reduced apoptosis, and resistance to therapy. Here we report that the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 modulates a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK)-mediated signaling pathway that regulates EGFRvIII pTyr and cell survival in U87MG.EGFRvIII cells. Overexpression of the phosphatase-inactive form of SHP-2 inhibited EGFRvIII pTyr by decreasing MAPK phosphorylation. Consistent with this, we observed that the MEK inhibitor PD98059, but not the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase inhibitor LY294002, inhibited EGFRvIII pTyr. Furthermore, constitutive EGFRvIII pTyr content observed in U87MG, LN229, and U373MG glioblastoma cells, but not in NR6.EGFRvIII fibroblasts, correlated with elevated MAPK levels in these cells. Interestingly, LY294002, but not PD98059, inhibited wild-type EGFR pTyr in response to EGF treatment in U87MG parental cells and in wild-type EGFR-overexpressing U87MG cells. Inhibition of EGFRvIII pTyr by PD98059 was not observed to be phosphorylation site specific. However, LY294002 more specifically inhibited wild-type EGFR pTyr at residues Tyr⁹⁹² and Tyr¹⁰⁶⁸ in the COOH terminus. Treatment of U87MG.EGFRvIII cells with PD98059, but not LY294002, also resulted in increased cell death in response to cisplatin. Collectively, a distinct MEK-mediated pathway in human glioblastoma cells appears to differentially modulate EGFRvIII and wild-type EGFR pTyr, and inhibition of the MAPK pathway sensitizes EGFRvIII-containing human glioblastoma cells to cisplatin-induced cell death.

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