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1 Histopathology/Cytopathologist, Belfast City Hospital Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland; 2 School of Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland; 3 Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; Departments of 4 Pathology and Pharmacology, 5 Genomics Shared Service, 6 Aerodigestive Cancer Program, and 7 Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
The rising incidence and poor prognosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the Western world have intensified research efforts into earlier methods of detection of this disease and its relationship to Barrett’s esophagus. The progression of Barrett’s esophagus to adenocarcinoma has been the focus of particular scrutiny, and a number of potential tissue and serum-based disease biomarkers have emerged. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma are outlined. Tissue biomarkers allowing risk stratification of Barrett’s are reviewed as well as strategies currently being used to discover novel biomarkers that will facilitate the early detection of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Finally, the uses of biomarkers as predictive tests for targeted treatments and as surrogate endpoints in chemoprevention trials are considered.
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