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Stimulation of Mitochondrial Activity by p43 Overexpression Induces Human Dermal Fibroblast Transformation

¹ UMR 866, Différenciation Cellulaire et Croissance (INRA-UMII-ENSAM), Unité d'Endocrinologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; ² Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France; ³ Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire du Développement, EA 3446, Proliférateurs de Péroxysomes, Université Henri Poincaré-Nancy I, Faculté des Sciences, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; and ⁴ CERTO, Faculté Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France

Requests for reprints: Gérard Cabello, UMR 866, Différenciation Cellulaire et Croissance (INRA-UMII-ENSAM), Unité d'Endocrinologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France. Phone: 33-4-99-61-22-19; Fax: 33-4-67-54-56-94; E-mail: cabello{at}ensam.inra.fr.

Mitochondrial dysfunctions are frequently reported in cancer cells, but their direct involvement in tumorigenesis remains unclear. To understand this relation, we stimulated mitochondrial activity by overexpression of the mitochondrial triiodothyronine receptor (p43) in human dermal fibroblasts. In all clones, this stimulation induced morphologic changes and cell fusion in myotube-like structures associated with the expression of several muscle-specific genes (Myf5, desmin, connectin, myosin, AchR). In addition, these clones displayed all the in vivo and in vitro features of cell transformation. This phenotype was related to an increase in c-Jun and c-Fos expression and extinction of tumor suppressor gene expression (p53, p21^WAF1, Rb³). Lastly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was increased in positive correlation to the stimulation of mitochondrial activity. The direct involvement of mitochondrial activity in this cell behavior was studied by adding chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis, to the culture medium. This inhibition resulted in partial restoration of the normal phenotype, with the loss of the ability to fuse, a strong decrease in muscle-specific gene expression, and potent inhibition of the transformed phenotype. However, expression of tumor suppressor genes was not restored. Similar results were obtained by using N-acetylcysteine, an inhibitor of ROS production. These data indicate that stimulation of mitochondrial activity in human dermal fibroblasts induces cell transformation through events involving ROS production.

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