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[Cancer Research 65, 5221-5230, June 15, 2005]
© 2005 American Association for Cancer Research

Cell and Tumor Biology

Silencing of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Suppresses Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2–Driven VHL–/– Renal Cancer

Karlene Smith, Lakshman Gunaratnam, Melissa Morley, Aleksandra Franovic, Karim Mekhail and Stephen Lee

Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Requests for reprints: Stephen Lee, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5. Phone: 613-562-5800 ext. 8385; Fax: 613-562-5636; E-mail: slee{at}uottawa.ca.

Inactivating mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene are associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (VHL–/– RCC), the most frequent malignancy of the human kidney. The VHL protein targets the {alpha} subunits of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor for ubiquitination and degradation. VHL–/– RCC cells fail to degrade HIF resulting in the constitutive activation of its target genes, a process that is required for tumorigenesis. We recently reported that HIF activates the transforming growth factor-{alpha}/epidermal growth factor receptor (TGF-{alpha}/EGFR) pathway in VHL-defective RCC cells. Here, we show that short hairpin RNA (shRNA)–mediated inhibition of EGFR is sufficient to abolish HIF-dependent tumorigenesis in multiple VHL–/– RCC cell lines. The 2{alpha} form of HIF (HIF-2{alpha}), but not HIF-1{alpha}, drives in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis of VHL–/– RCC cells by specifically activating the TGF-{alpha}/EGFR pathway. Transient incubation of VHL–/– RCC cell lines with small interfering RNA directed against EGFR prevents autonomous growth in two-dimensional culture as well as the ability of these cells to form dense spheroids in a three-dimensional in vitro tumor assay. Stable expression of shRNA against EGFR does not alter characteristics associated with VHL loss including constitutive production of HIF targets and defects in fibronectin deposition. In spite of this, silencing of EGFR efficiently abolishes in vivo tumor growth of VHL loss RCC cells. These data identify EGFR as a critical determinant of HIF-2{alpha}-dependent tumorigenesis and show at the molecular level that EGFR remains a credible target for therapeutic strategies against VHL–/– renal carcinoma.




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