This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Weigelt, B. Articles by van't Veer, L. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Weigelt, B. Articles by van't Veer, L. J.

Molecular Portraits and 70-Gene Prognosis Signature Are Preserved throughout the Metastatic Process of Breast Cancer

Divisions of ¹ Experimental Therapy and ² Diagnostic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute; ³ Agendia B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ⁴ Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; and Departments of ⁵ Genetics, ⁶ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and ⁷ Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Requests for reprints: Laura J. van't Veer, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Phone: 31-20-512-2754; Fax: 31-20-512-2759; E-mail: l.vt.veer{at}nki.nl.

Microarray analysis has been shown to improve risk stratification of breast cancer. Breast tumors analyzed by hierarchical clustering of expression patterns of "intrinsic" genes have been reported to subdivide into at least four molecular subtypes that are associated with distinct patient outcomes. Using a supervised method, a 70-gene expression profile has been identified that predicts the later appearance or absence of clinical metastasis in young breast cancer patients. Here, we show that distant metastases display both the same molecular breast cancer subtype as well as the 70-gene prognosis signature as their primary tumors. Our results suggest that the capacity to metastasize is an inherent feature of most breast cancers. Furthermore, our data imply that poor prognosis breast carcinomas classified either by the intrinsic gene set or the 70 prognosis genes represent distinct disease entities that seem sustained throughout the metastatic process.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P. S. Steeg Heterogeneity of Drug Target Expression Among Metastatic Lesions: Lessons from a Breast Cancer Autopsy Program Clin. Cancer Res., June 15, 2008; 14(12): 3643 - 3645. [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Xu, S. S. Shen, Y. Hoshida, A. Subramanian, K. Ross, J.-P. Brunet, S. N. Wagner, S. Ramaswamy, J. P. Mesirov, and R. O. Hynes Gene Expression Changes in an Animal Melanoma Model Correlate with Aggressiveness of Human Melanoma Metastases Mol. Cancer Res., May 1, 2008; 6(5): 760 - 769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Ross, C. Hatzis, W. F. Symmans, L. Pusztai, and G. N. Hortobagyi Commercialized Multigene Predictors of Clinical Outcome for Breast Cancer Oncologist, May 1, 2008; 13(5): 477 - 493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. E. Caldon, A. Swarbrick, C. S.L. Lee, R. L. Sutherland, and E. A. Musgrove The Helix-Loop-Helix Protein Id1 Requires Cyclin D1 to Promote the Proliferation of Mammary Epithelial Cell Acini Cancer Res., April 15, 2008; 68(8): 3026 - 3036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. G. Yulug and B. Gur-Dedeoglu Functional genomics in translational cancer research: focus on breast cancer Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic, March 7, 2008; (2008) eln009v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. J. Wong, D. S.A. Nuyten, A. Regev, M. Lin, A. S. Adler, E. Segal, M. J. van de Vijver, and H. Y. Chang Revealing Targeted Therapy for Human Cancer by Gene Module Maps Cancer Res., January 15, 2008; 68(2): 369 - 378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Lusa, L. M. McShane, J. F. Reid, L. De Cecco, F. Ambrogi, E. Biganzoli, M. Gariboldi, and M. A. Pierotti Challenges in Projecting Clustering Results Across Gene Expression Profiling Datasets J Natl Cancer Inst, November 21, 2007; 99(22): 1715 - 1723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Harrell, W. W. Dye, D. M.E. Harvell, M. Pinto, P. Jedlicka, C. A. Sartorius, and K. B. Horwitz Estrogen Insensitivity in a Model of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis Cancer Res., November 1, 2007; 67(21): 10582 - 10591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Schade, S. H.L. Lam, D. Cernea, V. Sanguin-Gendreau, R. D. Cardiff, B. L. Jung, M. Hallett, and W. J. Muller Distinct ErbB-2 Coupled Signaling Pathways Promote Mammary Tumors with Unique Pathologic and Transcriptional Profiles Cancer Res., August 15, 2007; 67(16): 7579 - 7588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. D. Loberg, D. A. Bradley, S. A. Tomlins, A. M. Chinnaiyan, and K. J. Pienta The Lethal Phenotype of Cancer: The Molecular Basis of Death Due to Malignancy CA Cancer J Clin, July 1, 2007; 57(4): 225 - 241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. W.-L. Wong, J. W. Clendening, A. Martirosyan, P. C. Boutros, C. Bros, F. Khosravi, I. Jurisica, A. K. Stewart, P. L. Bergsagel, and L. Z. Penn Determinants of sensitivity to lovastatin-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma Mol. Cancer Ther., June 1, 2007; 6(6): 1886 - 1897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Desmedt, F. Piette, S. Loi, Y. Wang, F. Lallemand, B. Haibe-Kains, G. Viale, M. Delorenzi, Y. Zhang, M. S. d'Assignies, et al. Strong Time Dependence of the 76-Gene Prognostic Signature for Node-Negative Breast Cancer Patients in the TRANSBIG Multicenter Independent Validation Series Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2007; 13(11): 3207 - 3214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Stafford and M. Brun Three methods for optimization of cross-laboratory and cross-platform microarray expression data Nucleic Acids Res., May 11, 2007; 35(10): e72 - e72. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Nicolau, R. Tibshirani, A.-L. Borresen-Dale, and S. S. Jeffrey Disease-specific genomic analysis: identifying the signature of pathologic biology Bioinformatics, April 15, 2007; 23(8): 957 - 965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. I. Chen, J. Hewel, J. S. Krueger, C. Tiraby, M. R. Weber, A. Kralli, K. Becker, J. R. Yates III, and B. Felding-Habermann Adaptation of Energy Metabolism in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Cancer Res., February 15, 2007; 67(4): 1472 - 1486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. J. Pelham, L. Rodgers, I. Hall, R. Lucito, K. C. Q. Nguyen, N. Navin, J. Hicks, D. Mu, S. Powers, M. Wigler, et al. Identification of alterations in DNA copy number in host stromal cells during tumor progression PNAS, December 26, 2006; 103(52): 19848 - 19853. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. G. Haffty, Q. Yang, M. Reiss, T. Kearney, S. A. Higgins, J. Weidhaas, L. Harris, W. Hait, and D. Toppmeyer Locoregional Relapse and Distant Metastasis in Conservatively Managed Triple Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., December 20, 2006; 24(36): 5652 - 5657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. K Gruvberger-Saal, H. E Cunliffe, K. M Carr, and I. A Hedenfalk Microarrays in breast cancer research and clinical practice - the future lies ahead Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2006; 13(4): 1017 - 1031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Lacroix Significance, detection and markers of disseminated breast cancer cells Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2006; 13(4): 1033 - 1067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Roepman, A. de Jager, M. J.A. Groot Koerkamp, J. A. Kummer, P. J. Slootweg, and F. C.P. Holstege Maintenance of Head and Neck Tumor Gene Expression Profiles upon Lymph Node Metastasis Cancer Res., December 1, 2006; 66(23): 11110 - 11114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Wicha Cancer stem cells and metastasis: lethal seeds. Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2006; 12(19): 5606 - 5607. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. V. Fournier, K. J. Martin, P. A. Kenny, K. Xhaja, I. Bosch, P. Yaswen, and M. J. Bissell Gene expression signature in organized and growth-arrested mammary acini predicts good outcome in breast cancer. Cancer Res., July 15, 2006; 66(14): 7095 - 7102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]