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CD24 Expression Causes the Acquisition of Multiple Cellular Properties Associated with Tumor Growth and Metastasis

¹ Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe, Germany; ² Department Cell Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; ³ Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Basel; ⁴ Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Forschungsstiftung, Basel, Switzerland; ⁵ Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita, Sapporo, Japan; and ⁶ Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan

Requests for reprints: Jonathan P. Sleeman, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Phone: 49-7247-82-6089; Fax: 49-7247-82-3354; E-mail: sleeman{at}itg.fzk.de.

The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein CD24 functions as an adhesion molecule for P-selectin and L1 and plays a role in B-cell development and neurogenesis. Over the last few years, a large body of literature has also implicated CD24 expression in tumorigenesis and progression. Here, we show that ectopic CD24 expression can be sufficient to promote tumor metastasis in experimental animals. By developing a doxycycline-inducible system for the expression of CD24 in breast cancer cells, we have also analyzed the cellular properties that CD24 expression influences. We found that CD24 expression increased tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, in addition to promoting binding to P-selectin, CD24 expression also indirectly stimulated cell adhesion to fibronectin, collagens I and IV, and laminin through the activation of ₃ß₁ and ₄ß₁ integrin activity. Moreover, CD24 expression supported rapid cell spreading and strongly induced cell motility and invasion. CD24-induced proliferation and motility were integrin independent. Together, these observations implicate CD24 in the regulation of multiple cell properties of direct relevance to tumor growth and metastasis.

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