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Molecular Biology, Pathobiology and Genetics |
1 The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, 2 Institute for Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and 3 Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
Requests for reprints: Amardeep S. Dhillon, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-141-330-5998; Fax: 44-141-942-6521; E-mail: A.Dhillon{at}beatson.gla.ac.uk.
RAS oncogenes are thought to play a role at multiple stages of tumorigenesis. The role and mechanisms by which RAS oncogenes maintain the transformed state of human cancer cells are poorly understood. Here, we have studied the role of oncogenic K-RAS in maintaining cytoskeletal disruption, cell adhesion and motility in metastatic colon carcinoma cells. Targeted deletion of K-RASG13D from HCT116 colon carcinoma cells restored their ability to assemble stress fibers and focal adhesions/complexes, accompanied by increased cell-matrix adhesion and reduced motility. We further show that oncogenic K-Ras induces high Rho activity, but uncouples Rho from stress fiber formation. This uncoupling required the maintenance of high levels of the activator protein-1 family member, Fra-1, via a mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase–dependent pathway. We also show that PI3-kinase signaling is required for the motility of HCT116 cells downstream of oncogenic K-Ras. Our findings suggest that mutated K-RAS oncogenes are essential for maintenance of the transformed and invasive phenotype of human colon cancer cells.
Key Words: K-Ras • transformation • motility • colon carcinoma • cytoskeleton
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