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Immunology |
1 The Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and 2 Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and 3 Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Requests for reprints: Rong-Fu Wang, The Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, ALKEK Building, N1120, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: 713-798-1244; Fax: 713-798-1263; E-mail: rongfuw{at}bcm.tmc.edu.
CD4+ helper and regulatory T (Treg) cells play important but opposing roles in regulating host immune responses against cancer and other diseases. However, very little is known about the antigen specificity of CD4+ Treg cells. Here we describe the generation of a panel of EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)–specific CD4+ T-cell lines and clones that recognize naturally processed EBNA1-P607-619 and -P561-573 peptides in the context of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DR11, -DR12, and -DR13 molecules, respectively. Phenotypic and functional analyses of these CD4+ T cells revealed that they represent EBNA1-specific CD4+ T helper as well as Treg cells. CD4+ Treg cells do not secrete interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor ß cytokines but express CD25, the glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor–related protein (GITR), and Forkhead Box P3 (Foxp3), and are capable of suppressing the proliferative responses of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to stimulation with mitogenic anti-CD3 antibody. The suppressive activity of these CD4+ Treg cells is mediated via cell-cell contact or in part by a cytokine-dependent manner. Importantly, these Treg cells suppress IL-2 secretion by CD4+ effector T cells specific for either EBNA1 or a melanoma antigen, suggesting that these CD4+ Treg cells induce immune suppression. These observations suggest that the success of peptide-based vaccines against EBV-associated cancer and other diseases may likely depend upon our ability to identify antigens/peptides that preferentially activate helper T cells and/or to design strategies to regulate the balance between CD4+ helper and Treg cells.
Key Words: Tumor Immunity • Vaccination • Regulatory T cells • T Lymphocytes • EBV Antigens
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