This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lewis, J. D. Articles by Bright, R. K. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lewis, J. D. Articles by Bright, R. K.

Surrogate Tumor Antigen Vaccination Induces Tumor-Specific Immunity and the Rejection of Spontaneous Metastases

Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas

Requests for reprints: Robert K. Bright, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 6591, Lubbock, TX 79430. Phone: 806-743-4592; Fax: 806-743-2334; E-mail: robert.bright{at}ttuhsc.edu.

The nonimmunogenic 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model and a model surrogate tumor antigen (sTA) were employed to explore the possibility of inducing tumor-specific immunity through active immunization in the absence of defined tumor-associated antigens. Immunization of naive mice with protein-based sTA resulted in protection from s.c. challenge, with 4T1 modified to express the sTA (4T1.sTA), or from a sTA-expressing unrelated tumor cell line (mKSA). Immunization had no effect on parental 4T1 tumor growth or the formation of parental 4T1 spontaneous lung metastases. Mice that were sTA immunized and successfully rejected 4T1.sTA challenge also rejected a subsequent challenge in the contralateral flank with parental 4T1 and strikingly prevented the formation of spontaneous parental 4T1 lung metastases. The rejection of parental 4T1 seemed to be specific for and associated with unknown 4T1 tumor-associated antigens, because rejection of mKSA did not induce cross-protection against a challenge with parental 4T1. To evaluate the effect of this vaccine approach on established disease, mice were simultaneously challenged on day 0 with 4T1.sTA and parental 4T1 in contralateral flanks and then immunized on days 3, 10, 17, and 24 with sTA protein. Tumor growth and metastasis were delayed in four of five animals, and 20% (2 of 5) of the animals were tumor free at the completion of the experiment. Together, these data suggest that prior vaccination with a sTA followed by inoculation with poorly immunogenic tumor cells modified to express the sTA activates determinant spreading and the induction of systemic tumor immunity resulting in indigenous tumor rejection.

Key Words: tumor vaccine • surrogate tumor antigen • determinant spreading • 4T1 mammary carcinoma • lung metastasis

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. D. Lewis, L. A. Payton, J. G. Whitford, J. A. Byrne, D. I. Smith, L. Yang, and R. K. Bright Induction of Tumorigenesis and Metastasis by the Murine Orthologue of Tumor Protein D52 Mol. Cancer Res., February 1, 2007; 5(2): 133 - 144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]