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[Cancer Research 66, 184-191, January 1, 2006]
© 2006 American Association for Cancer Research

Cell, Tumor and Stem Cell Biology

Bortezomib Mediates Antiangiogenesis in Multiple Myeloma via Direct and Indirect Effects on Endothelial Cells

Aldo Maria Roccaro1, Teru Hideshima1, Noopur Raje1, Shaji Kumar2, Kenji Ishitsuka1, Hiroshi Yasui1, Norihiko Shiraishi1, Domenico Ribatti3, Beatrice Nico3, Angelo Vacca4, Franco Dammacco4, Paul Gerard Richardson1 and Kenneth Carl Anderson1

1 Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 2 Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of 3 Human Anatomy and Histology and 4 Internal Medicine and Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy

Requests for reprints: Kenneth Carl Anderson, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Mayer Building 557, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115. Phone: 617-632-2144; Fax: 617-632-2140; E-mail: kenneth_anderson{at}dfci.harvard.edu.

Bone marrow angiogenesis plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression in multiple myeloma. Recent studies have shown that proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade, formerly PS-341) can overcome conventional drug resistance in vitro and in vivo; however, its antiangiogenic activity in the bone marrow milieu has not yet been defined.

In the present study, we examined the effects of bortezomib on the angiogenic phenotype of multiple myeloma patient–derived endothelial cells (MMEC). At clinically achievable concentrations, bortezomib inhibited the proliferation of MMECs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In functional assays of angiogenesis, including chemotaxis, adhesion to fibronectin, capillary formation on Matrigel, and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay, bortezomib induced a dose-dependent inhibition of angiogenesis. Importantly, binding of MM.1S cells to MMECs triggered multiple myeloma cell proliferation, which was also abrogated by bortezomib in a dose-dependent fashion. Bortezomib triggered a dose-dependent inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion by the MMECs, and reverse transcriptase-PCR confirmed drug-related down-regulation of VEGF, IL-6, insulin-like growth factor-I, Angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), and Ang2 transcription. These data, therefore, delineate the mechanisms of the antiangiogenic effects of bortezomib on multiple myeloma cells in the bone marrow milieu. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 184-91)




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