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Antagonism of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors by FTY720 Inhibits Angiogenesis and Tumor Vascularization

¹ Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey; ² Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; ³ University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; and ⁴ Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts

Requests for reprints: Amanda Littlewood-Evans, Novartis NIBR AG, K125.1.20, Klybeck Strasse, Basel, CH4002, Switzerland. Phone: 41-61-696-1023; Fax: 41-61-696-6242; E-mail: amanda.littlewood-evans{at}.novartis.com.

FTY720, a potent immunomodulator, becomes phosphorylated in vivo (FTY-P) and interacts with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. Recent studies showed that FTY-P affects vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–induced vascular permeability, an important aspect of angiogenesis. We show here that FTY720 has antiangiogenic activity, potently abrogating VEGF- and S1P-induced angiogenesis in vivo in growth factor implant and corneal models. FTY720 administration tended to inhibit primary and significantly inhibited metastatic tumor growth in a mouse model of melanoma growth. In combination with a VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584, FTY720 showed some additional benefit. FTY720 markedly inhibited tumor-associated angiogenesis, and this was accompanied by decreased tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. In transfected HEK293 cells, FTY-P internalized S1P₁ receptors, inhibited their recycling to the cell surface, and desensitized S1P receptor function. Both FTY720 and FTY-P apparently failed to impede VEGF-produced increases in mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC), and unlike its activity in causing S1PR internalization, FTY-P did not result in a decrease of surface VEGFR2 levels in HUVEC cells. Pretreatment with FTY720 or FTY-P prevented S1P-induced Ca²⁺ mobilization and migration in vascular endothelial cells. These data show that functional antagonism of vascular S1P receptors by FTY720 potently inhibits angiogenesis; therefore, this may provide a novel therapeutic approach for pathologic conditions with dysregulated angiogenesis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 221-31)

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