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Experimental Therapeutics, Molecular Targets, and Chemical Biology |
1 Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Departments of 2 Medicine and 3 Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and 4 Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
Requests for reprints: Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dana 810A, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115. Phone: 617-632-4942; Fax: 617-632-1977; E-mail: geoffrey_shapiro{at}dfci.harvard.edu.
VX-680 is a potent inhibitor of Aurora kinases that induces the accumulation of cells with
4N DNA content, followed by cell death. Here, we define the role of p53 and p21Waf1/Cip1 in cell cycle perturbations following exposure to VX-680. Endoreduplication and apoptosis in response to VX-680 are limited in A549 and MCF-7 cells expressing wild-type p53, and markedly enhanced in cells lacking p53, including those engineered to express the HPV16-E6 oncoprotein or short interfering RNA pools targeting p53. In contrast, endoreduplication and apoptosis occur in the p53 wild-type cell lines, RKO and U2OS. The difference in response to VX-680 among these cell lines correlates with the timing of induction of p21Waf1/Cip1 and its ability to inhibit cyclin E-cdk2 activity. In A549 cells, VX-680 induces the expression of p53 and p21Waf1/Cip1 within 24 hours, with consequent inhibition of cyclin E-cdk2, and reduction of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, limiting endoreduplication. In RKO and U2OS cells, the induction of p21Waf1/Cip1 is delayed and associated with higher residual cyclin E-cdk2 kinase activity and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, followed by progressive endoreduplication and apoptosis. Abrogation of p21Waf1/Cip1 expression by short interfering RNA targeting in A549 cells results in a substantial increase in the degree of endoreduplication, whereas inducible expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 in p53-negative NCI-H1299 cells inhibits VX-680-induced endoreduplication and cell death. These data suggest that the integrity of the p53-p21Waf1/Cip1dependent postmitotic checkpoint governs the response to Aurora kinase inhibition. Although cells with intact checkpoint function arrest with 4N DNA content, those with compromised checkpoint function are more likely to undergo endoreduplication followed by eventual apoptosis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(15): 7668-77)
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