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Targeting Prostaglandin E EP Receptors to Inhibit Metastasis

Department of Pathology and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

Requests for reprints: Amy M. Fulton, Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. Phone: 410-706-6479; Fax: 410-706-8414; E-mail: afulton{at}umaryland.edu.

It is well established that high cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression contributes to the aggressive behavior of breast and other malignancies. Due to concerns regarding the safety of long-term use of COX-2 inhibitors as well as a desire to seek more effective alternatives to prevent and treat metastatic disease, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of downstream signaling by the COX-2 product prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) would be as effective as inhibiting global prostaglandin synthesis. PGE₂ acts through four G-protein–coupled receptors designated EP1-4. Here, we summarize data from many laboratories regarding the role of individual E-series of prostaglandin (EP) receptors on cancer behavior and we discuss our own recent findings that antagonists of the PGE receptor subtype 4, EP4, inhibit experimental metastasis in a murine model of hormone-resistant, metastatic breast cancer. These initial results indicate that selective targeting of individual EP receptors should be investigated as an approach to exploit the high COX-2 activity in many epithelial malignancies. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(20): 9794-7)

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