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Heparanase, Hyaluronan, and CD44 in Cancers: A Breast Carcinoma Perspective

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany and ² Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Requests for reprints: George W. Yip, Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Block MD 10, Singapore 117597, Singapore. Phone: 65-6516-3206; Fax: 65-6778-7643; E-mail: georgeyip{at}nus.edu.sg.

Glycosaminoglycans are major constituents of the cancer cell surface and the tumor stroma. The heparan sulfate degrading enzyme heparanase, hyaluronan, and its receptor CD44 are up-regulated in breast cancer, generating a microenvironment that promotes tumor progression and metastasis. Recent experimental and clinical evidence shows that heparanase, hyaluronan, and CD44 regulate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as tumor-associated angiogenesis and are correlated with patient survival. These findings suggest that they may be used as prognostic factors and targets for breast cancer treatment. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10233-7)

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