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Truncating Variants in p53AIP1 Disrupting DNA Damage–Induced Apoptosis Are Associated with Prostate Cancer Risk

Departments of ¹ Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, ² Health Sciences Research, and ³ Urology, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Clinical Medical College, Rochester, Minnesota; ⁴ Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; ⁵ Departments of Internal Medicine and Urology, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and ⁶ Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland

Requests for reprints: Wanguo Liu, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Medical School, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905. Phone: 507-266-0508; Fax: 507-266-5193; E-mail: liu.wanguo{at}mayo.edu.

Germ line mutations in several genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, and CHEK2) whose products are involved in the DNA damage–signaling pathway have been implicated in prostate cancer risk. To identify additional genes in this pathway that might confer susceptibility to this cancer, we analyzed a recently identified DNA damage–response gene, p53AIP1 (a gene encoding for p53-regulated apoptosis-inducing protein 1), for genetic variants in prostate cancer. Five novel germ line variants were identified. The two truncating variants (Ser³²Stop and Arg²¹insG) were found in 3% (4 of 132) of unselected prostate tumor samples. Genotyping of the two variants in an additional 393 men with sporadic prostate cancer showed a frequency of 3.1% (12 of 393) in contrast to 0.6% (2 of 327) in 327 unaffected men (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.018), with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.1 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.1-23.0]. In addition, two of six tumors carrying the truncating variants were associated with loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type alleles, suggesting that p53AIP1 may act as a tumor suppressor. We also showed that the truncated p53AIP1 was unable to induce apoptosis and suppress cell growth in HeLa and COS-7 cells. These results suggest that loss-of-function variants in p53AIP1 associated with the risk of sporadic prostate cancer and further support the concept that the genetic defects in the DNA damage–response genes play an important role in the development of prostate cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10302-7)

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