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Matrilysin 1 Influences Colon Carcinoma Cell Migration by Cleavage of the Laminin-5 ß3 Chain

¹ Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U 45/IFR62; ² IFR 128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5086; and ³ Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France

Requests for reprints: Patricia Rousselle, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France. Phone: 33-04-72-72-26-39; Fax: 33-04-72-72-26-02; E-mail: p.rousselle{at}ibcp.fr.

Matrilysin 1 [matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7)] is one of the most important metalloproteinases expressed in human tissues. This enzyme is generally not expressed by normal differentiated epithelial colon cells, but has been shown to be up-regulated in human colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Little is known about the role of MMP7 in cell invasion and its involvement in proteolytic processes. By searching the ligands of MMP7 in the colonic carcinoma cells HT29, we identified laminin-5/laminin-332 (LN5) as a specific target for MMP7 enzymatic activity. LN5, composed of 3, ß3, and 2 chains, is an important component of epithelial basement membranes where it induces firm adhesion and hemidesmosome formation. In this study, we show that LN5 and MMP7 are coexpressed in HT29 cells as well as in HT29 xenograft tumors and human colorectal adenocarcinomas. We provide evidence that human LN5 is a ligand for MMP7 and that a specific cleavage occurs in its ß3 chain, giving rise to a carboxyl-terminal ß3 chain fragment of 90 kDa. We have identified the MMP7 cleavage site at position Ala⁵¹⁵-Ile⁵¹⁶ in the ß3 chain. Videomicroscopic analysis of HT29 cells plated on LN5 substrates reveals that the MMP7-processed LN5 significantly enhances cell motility. Moreover, the delayed migration of HT29 cells obtained after specific inhibition of MMP7 reinforces the hypothesis supporting its involvement in cell migration. Altogether, our results show that MMP7 is likely to play a crucial role in the regulation of carcinoma cell migration by targeting specific proteolytic processing of the LN5 ß3 chain. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(23): 11228-37)

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