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Activated Checkpoint Kinase 2 Provides a Survival Signal for Tumor Cells

Departments of ¹ Cancer Biology and ² Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and the Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts

Requests for reprints: Dario C. Altieri, Department of Cancer Biology, LRB428 University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605. Phone: 508-856-5775; Fax: 508-856-5792; E-mail: dario.altieri{at}umassmed.edu.

Tumor cells often become resistant to DNA damage–based therapy; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. Here, we show that tumor cells exposed to DNA damage counteract cell death by releasing the antiapoptotic protein, survivin, from mitochondria. This is independent of p53, and requires activated checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), a putative tumor suppressor. Molecular or genetic targeting of Chk2 prevents the release of survivin from mitochondria, enhances DNA damage–induced tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibits the growth of resistant in vivo tumors. Therefore, activated Chk2 circumvents its own tumor-suppressive functions by promoting tumor cell survival. Inhibiting Chk2 in combination with DNA-damaging agents may provide a rational approach for treating resistant tumors. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 11576-9)

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