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Experimental Therapeutics, Molecular Targets, and Chemical Biology |
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Excellence in Cancer Genomics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York
Requests for reprints: Julio Aguirre-Ghiso, Gen*NY*Sis Center For Excellence in Cancer Genomics, Room 216, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144-3456. Phone: 518-591-7152; Fax: 518-591-7201; E-mail: jaguirre-ghiso{at}albany.edu.
It has been proposed that occult, disseminated metastatic cells are refractory to chemotherapy due to lack of proliferation. We have shown that p38 activation induces dormancy of squamous carcinoma cells. We now show that p38 signaling in these cells activates a prosurvival mechanism via the up-regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone BiP and increased activation of the ER stressactivated eukaryotic translation initiator factor 2
kinase RNA-dependent protein kinaselike ER kinase (PERK) allowing dormant tumor cells to resist drug toxicity. RNA interference and dominant-negative expression studies revealed that both BiP and PERK signaling promote survival and drug resistance of dormant cells, and that BiP up-regulation prevents Bax activation. We propose that stress-dependent activation of p38 via BiP up-regulation and PERK activation protects dormant tumor cells from stress insults, such as chemotherapy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(3): 1702-1711)
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