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Dysregulated Human Myeloid Nuclear Differentiation Antigen Expression in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Evidence for a Role in Apoptosis

Departments of ¹ Pathology and ² Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; ³ Tennessee Valley Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee; ⁴ Esoterix Center for Innovation, Brentwood, Tennessee; and ⁵ Case Western Reserve University, Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio

Requests for repints: Robert C. Briggs, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232. Phone: 615-322-2604; Fax: 615-343-7023; E-mail: bob.briggs{at}vanderbilt.edu.

Reduced levels of human myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) gene transcripts have been detected in both familial and sporadic cases of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Numerous reports implicate elevated apoptosis/programmed cell death and death ligands and their receptors in the pathogenesis of MDS. MNDA and related proteins contain the pyrin domain that functions in signaling associated with programmed cell death and inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that MNDA is involved in the regulation of programmed cell death in human myeloid hematopoietic cells. Clones of K562 cells (MNDA-null) that expressed ectopic MNDA protein were established using retroviral transduction. MNDA-expressing K562 clones were resistant to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)–induced apoptosis, but were not protected from programmed cell death induced with genotoxic agents or H₂O₂. MNDA protein expression assessed in control and intermediate and high-grade MDS marrows showed several patterns of aberrant reduced MNDA. These variable patterns of dysregulated MNDA expression may relate to the variable pathophysiology of MDS. We propose that MNDA has a role regulating programmed cell death in myeloid progenitor cells, and that its down-regulation in MDS is related to granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cell sensitivity to TRAIL-induced programmed cell death. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(9): 4645-51)

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