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ACTIBIND, a T₂ RNase, Competes with Angiogenin and Inhibits Human Melanoma Growth, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis

¹ The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition and ² The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; ³ Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and ⁴ Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Requests for reprints: Menashe Bar-Eli, Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Box 173, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77054. Phone: 713-794-4037; Fax: 713-794-4005; E-mail: mbareli{at}mdanderson.org.

Melanoma is a very aggressive and highly angiogenic tumor in which standard treatments have had only limited success. Patients with advanced disease have a 5-year survival rate of 5%. In search for alternatives, we identified a natural product extracted from the fungus Aspergillus niger, termed ACTIBIND, that inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of melanoma in vivo. ACTIBIND, a T₂ RNase, exerts antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities by competing with the angiogenic factor angiogenin (itself an RNase homologue). Thus, there was decreased expression and activity of the matrix metalloproteinase 2 in melanoma and vascular endothelial cells, decreased vascularization, and increased tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. ACTIBIND significantly inhibited angiogenesis in an in vivo angiogenesis assay with sponges containing angiogenin. In vitro, ACTIBIND was internalized by both melanoma and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, reached the cell nuclei, and inhibited the activity of angiogenin response elements in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our data indicate that ACTIBIND should be tested for its potential as a new antiangiogenic modality for the treatment of melanoma. [Cancer Res 2007;67(11):5258–66]

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