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Cancer Research 67, 1030, February 1, 2007. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2030
© 2007 American Association for Cancer Research
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Cell, Tumor, and Stem Cell Biology

Identification of Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells

Chenwei Li1, David G. Heidt1, Piero Dalerba4, Charles F. Burant2,3, Lanjing Zhang3, Volkan Adsay4, Max Wicha3, Michael F. Clarke5 and Diane M. Simeone1,2

Departments of 1 Surgery, 2 Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and 3 Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan; 4 Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, Michigan; and 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California

Requests for reprints: Diane M. Simeone, Departments of Surgery and Molecular and Integrative Physiology TC 2922D, University of Michigan Medical Center, Box 0331, 1500 East Medical Center Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Phone: 734-615-1600; Fax: 734-936-5830; E-mail: simeone{at}umich.edu.

Emerging evidence has suggested that the capability of a tumor to grow and propagate is dependent on a small subset of cells within a tumor, termed cancer stem cells. Although data have been provided to support this theory in human blood, brain, and breast cancers, the identity of pancreatic cancer stem cells has not been determined. Using a xenograft model in which primary human pancreatic adenocarcinomas were grown in immunocompromised mice, we identified a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of pancreatic cancer cells expressing the cell surface markers CD44, CD24, and epithelial-specific antigen (ESA). Pancreatic cancer cells with the CD44+CD24+ESA+ phenotype (0.2–0.8% of pancreatic cancer cells) had a 100-fold increased tumorigenic potential compared with nontumorigenic cancer cells, with 50% of animals injected with as few as 100 CD44+CD24+ESA+ cells forming tumors that were histologically indistinguishable from the human tumors from which they originated. The enhanced ability of CD44+CD24+ESA+ pancreatic cancer cells to form tumors was confirmed in an orthotopic pancreatic tail injection model. The CD44+CD24+ESA+ pancreatic cancer cells showed the stem cell properties of self-renewal, the ability to produce differentiated progeny, and increased expression of the developmental signaling molecule sonic hedgehog. Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells and further elucidation of the signaling pathways that regulate their growth and survival may provide novel therapeutic approaches to treat pancreatic cancer, which is notoriously resistant to standard chemotherapy and radiation. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):1030–7]


Find additional patient-related information at:

Study: Chemo After Surgery Slows Pancreatic Recurrence


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C. H. Jamieson
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells
Hematology, January 1, 2008; 2008(1): 436 - 442.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 FASEB J.Home page
C. Tang, B. T. Ang, and S. Pervaiz
Cancer stem cell: target for anti-cancer therapy
FASEB J, December 1, 2007; 21(14): 3777 - 3785.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cancer Res.Home page
J. C. Harrell, W. W. Dye, D. M.E. Harvell, M. Pinto, P. Jedlicka, C. A. Sartorius, and K. B. Horwitz
Estrogen Insensitivity in a Model of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis
Cancer Res., November 1, 2007; 67(21): 10582 - 10591.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Genes Dev.Home page
F. B. Furnari, T. Fenton, R. M. Bachoo, A. Mukasa, J. M. Stommel, A. Stegh, W. C. Hahn, K. L. Ligon, D. N. Louis, C. Brennan, et al.
Malignant astrocytic glioma: genetics, biology, and paths to treatment
Genes & Dev., November 1, 2007; 21(21): 2683 - 2710.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. Zhou, J. Wulfkuhle, H. Zhang, P. Gu, Y. Yang, J. Deng, J. B. Margolick, L. A. Liotta, E. Petricoin III, and Y. Zhang
Activation of the PTEN/mTOR/STAT3 pathway in breast cancer stem-like cells is required for viability and maintenance
PNAS, October 9, 2007; 104(41): 16158 - 16163.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
R. P. Hill and R. Perris
"Destemming" Cancer Stem Cells
J Natl Cancer Inst, October 3, 2007; 99(19): 1435 - 1440.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cancer Res.Home page
S. E. Kern and D. Shibata
The Fuzzy Math of Solid Tumor Stem Cells: A Perspective
Cancer Res., October 1, 2007; 67(19): 8985 - 8988.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
G. Parmiani, V. Russo, A. Marrari, G. Cutolo, C. Casati, L. Pilla, C. Maccalli, L. Rivoltini, and C. Castelli
Universal and Stemness-Related Tumor Antigens: Potential Use in Cancer Immunotherapy
Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2007; 13(19): 5675 - 5679.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cancer Res.Home page
J. C. Liu, T. Deng, R. S. Lehal, J. Kim, and E. Zacksenhaus
Identification of Tumorsphere- and Tumor-Initiating Cells in HER2/Neu-Induced Mammary Tumors
Cancer Res., September 15, 2007; 67(18): 8671 - 8681.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cancer Res.Home page
C. Wu, Q. Wei, V. Utomo, P. Nadesan, H. Whetstone, R. Kandel, J. S. Wunder, and B. A. Alman
Side Population Cells Isolated from Mesenchymal Neoplasms Have Tumor Initiating Potential
Cancer Res., September 1, 2007; 67(17): 8216 - 8222.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 GutHome page
P. Ghaneh, E. Costello, and J. P Neoptolemos
Biology and management of pancreatic cancer
Gut, August 1, 2007; 56(8): 1134 - 1152.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cancer Res.Home page
L. Patrawala, T. Calhoun-Davis, R. Schneider-Broussard, and D. G. Tang
Hierarchical Organization of Prostate Cancer Cells in Xenograft Tumors: The CD44+{alpha}2{beta}1+ Cell Population Is Enriched in Tumor-Initiating Cells
Cancer Res., July 15, 2007; 67(14): 6796 - 6805.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
P. Dalerba, S. J. Dylla, I.-K. Park, R. Liu, X. Wang, R. W. Cho, T. Hoey, A. Gurney, E. H. Huang, D. M. Simeone, et al.
Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells
PNAS, June 12, 2007; 104(24): 10158 - 10163.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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