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1 Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory and 2 Lung Cancer Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; 3 Centre de Regulacio Genomica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; 4 Cancer Genomics Program, Department of Oncology, Hutchison-Medical Research Council Research Centre; and 5 Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Requests for reprints: Manel Esteller, Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34-91-2246949; Fax: 34-91-2246923; E-mail: mesteller{at}cnio.es.
The mechanisms underlying microRNA (miRNA) disruption in human disease are poorly understood. In cancer cells, the transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes by CpG island promoter hypermethylation has emerged as a common hallmark. We wondered if the same epigenetic disruption can "hit" miRNAs in transformed cells. To address this issue, we have used cancer cells genetically deficient for the DNA methyltransferase enzymes in combination with a miRNA expression profiling. We have observed that DNA hypomethylation induces a release of miRNA silencing in cancer cells. One of the main targets is miRNA-124a, which undergoes transcriptional inactivation by CpG island hypermethylation in human tumors from different cell types. Interestingly, we functionally link the epigenetic loss of miRNA-124a with the activation of cyclin D kinase 6, a bona fide oncogenic factor, and the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma, a tumor suppressor gene. [Cancer Res 2007;67(4):1424–9]
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