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Transforming Growth Factor β: Tumor Suppressor or Promoter? Are Host Immune Cells the Answer?

Department of Cancer Biology, the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenessee

Requests for reprints: Li Yang or Harold Moses, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 612 PRB, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232. Phone: 615-936-1507; Fax: 615-936-1790; E-mail: li.yang{at}vanderbilt.edu or hal.moses{at}vanderbilt.edu.

Key Words: immune • TGFβ • tumor microenvironment

Therapies targeting transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling using neutralizing antibodies and small molecular inhibitors are in multiple clinical trails. However, TGFβ is known to work as both a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter, and current knowledge does not provide sufficient information on what factors mediate this switch in function and when this switch occurs. Recent advances in multiple disciplines suggest that immune cells from the tumor host may provide the answer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9107–11]

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