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Genetic Ancestry and Risk of Breast Cancer among U.S. Latinas

¹ Division of General Internal Medicine and ² Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine; ³ Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences; ⁴ Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; and ⁵ Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; ⁶ Northern California Cancer Center, Fremont, California; ⁷ Stanford School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford, California; and ⁸ Children's Hospital Research Institute, Oakland, California

Requests for reprints: Laura Fejerman, University of California, San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143-1732. Phone: 415-885-7504; Fax: 415-353-7932; E-mail: laura.fejerman{at}ucsf.edu.

Key Words: Breast cancer • Genetic ancestry • U.S. Latinas • Nongenetic risk factors

U.S. Latinas have a lower incidence of breast cancer compared with non-Latina White women. This difference is partially explained by differences in the prevalence of known risk factors. Genetic factors may also contribute to this difference in incidence. Latinas are an admixed population with most of their genetic ancestry from Europeans and Indigenous Americans. We used genetic markers to estimate the ancestry of Latina breast cancer cases and controls and assessed the association with genetic ancestry, adjusting for reproductive and other risk factors. We typed a set of 106 ancestry informative markers in 440 Latina women with breast cancer and 597 Latina controls from the San Francisco Bay area and estimated genetic ancestry using a maximum likelihood method. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for ancestry modeled as a continuous variable were estimated using logistic regression with known risk factors included as covariates. Higher European ancestry was associated with increased breast cancer risk. The OR for a 25% increase in European ancestry was 1.79 (95% CI, 1.28–2.79; P < 0.001). When known risk factors and place of birth were adjusted for, the association with European ancestry was attenuated but remained statistically significant (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.06–2.11; P = 0.013). Further work is needed to determine if the association is due to genetic differences between populations or possibly due to environmental factors not measured. [Cancer Res 2008;68(23):9723–8]

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