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p53-Responsive MicroRNAs 192 and 215 Are Capable of Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest

¹ Department of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; ² Medical Biotechnology Center, Institute for Medical Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark; ³ Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark; and ⁴ Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York

Requests for reprints: Matthias Dobbelstein, Department of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Justus von Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. Phone: 49-551-39-13840; Fax: 49-551-39-13713; E-mail: mdobbel{at}uni-goettingen.de.

Key Words: microRNA • p53 • CDKN1A/p21 • Nutlin-3 • cell adhesion

microRNAs provide a novel layer of regulation for gene expression by interfering with the stability and/or translation of specific target mRNAs. Overall levels of microRNAs are frequently down-regulated in cancer cells, and reducing general microRNA processing increases cancerogenesis in transgenic models, suggesting that at least some microRNAs might act as effectors in tumor suppression. Accordingly, the tumor suppressor p53 up-regulates miR-34a, a microRNA that contributes to apoptosis and acute senescence. Here, we used array hybridization to find that p53 induces two additional, mutually related clusters of microRNAs, leading to the up-regulation of miR-192, miR-194, and miR-215. The same microRNAs were detected at high levels in normal colon tissue but were severely reduced in many colon cancer samples. On the other hand, miR-192 and its cousin miR-215 can each contribute to enhanced CDKN1A/p21 levels, colony suppression, cell cycle arrest, and cell detachment from a solid support. These effects were partially dependent on the presence of wild-type p53. Antagonizing endogenous miR-192 attenuated 5-fluorouracil–induced accumulation of p21. Hence, miR-192 and miR-215 can act as effectors as well as regulators of p53; they seem to suppress cancerogenesis through p21 accumulation and cell cycle arrest. [Cancer Res 2008;68(24):10094–104]

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