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Increased Susceptibility to Skin Carcinogenesis in TREX2 Knockout Mice

¹ Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; ² Unitat de Toxicologia Experimental, Parc Científic de Barcelona; and ³ Protecció Radiològica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; ⁴ Promed, Fribourg, Switzerland; and ⁵ Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain

Requests for reprints: Concepció Soler, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, E-08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Phone: 34-934039858; Fax: 34-934024249; E-mail: concepciosoler{at}ub.edu.

Key Words: 3'-5' exonuclease • cancer • apoptosis • genomic instability • keratinocyte

TREX2 is a proofreading 3'-5' exonuclease that can be involved in genome maintenance; however, its biological role remains undefined. To better understand the function and physiologic relevance of TREX2, we generated mice deficient in TREX2 by targeted disruption of its unique coding exon. The knockout mice are viable and do not show relevant differences in growth, survival, lymphocyte development, or spontaneous tumor incidence compared with their wild-type counterparts over a period of up to 2 years. Also, we did not observe chromosomal instability or defects in cell proliferation and cell cycle upon loss of TREX2. We have observed that TREX2 expression is not ubiquitous, being expressed preferentially in tissues with stratified squamous epithelia, such as the skin or esophagus, and specifically in keratinocytes. Interestingly, TREX2-null mice are more susceptible to skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) compared with wild-type mice. This phenotype correlates with a reduction of DMBA-induced apoptosis in both the epidermis and keratinocytes of TREX2-null mice. Altogether, our results suggest a tumor suppressor role for TREX2 in skin carcinogenesis through which it contributes to keratinocyte apoptosis under conditions of genotoxic stress. [Cancer Res 2009;69(16):6676–84]