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p27^Kip1 Stabilization Is Essential for the Maintenance of Cell Cycle Arrest in Response to DNA Damage

¹ Genomic Instability Group and ² Signalling and Cell Cycle Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain

Requests for reprints: Oscar Fernandez-Capetillo, Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, C/Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34-91-7328000, ext. 3480; Fax: 34-91-7328033; E-mail: ofernandez{at}cnio.es.

One of the current models of cancer proposes that oncogenes activate a DNA damage response (DDR), which would limit the growth of the tumor in its earliest stages. In this context, and in contrast to studies focused on the acute responses to a one-time genotoxic insult, understanding how cells respond to a persistent source of DNA damage might become critical for future studies in the field. We here report the discovery of a novel damage-responsive pathway, which involves p27^Kip1 and retinoblastoma tumor suppressors and is only implemented after a persistent exposure to clastogens. In agreement with its late activation, we show that this pathway is critical for the maintenance, but not the initiation, of the cell cycle arrest triggered by DNA damage. Interestingly, this late response is independent of the canonical ataxia telangiectasia mutated–dependent and ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related–dependent DDR but downstream of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Our results might help to reconcile the oncogene-induced DNA damage model with the clinical evidence that points to non-DDR members as the most important tumor suppressors in human cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(22):8726–32]

Key Words: DNA damage response • G₁-S • p27