Gade et al. investigated the therapeutic efficacy of human T cells that are genetically targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in animal models of prostate cancer. In orthotopic, subcutaneous, and pulmonary models, PSMA-targeted T cells specifically eliminated prostate cancer cells. Tumor responses were analyzed using magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT), and bioluminescence (BL) imaging, which revealed that tumor eradication was directly proportional to the in vivo effector: tumor cell ratio. Top figures: BL and MR imaging in control mice treated with non PSMA-targeted T cells (day 13 after administration of RM1.PGLS tumor cells); lower figures: animal treated with PSMA-targeted T cells (day 13). In this aggressive lung model, T cells were curative in one third of the recipients. Serial imaging indicated that T cells must survive for at least one week to induce durable remissions. Altogether, the results from this study provide a strong rationale for undertaking phase I clinical studies to assess PSMA-targeted T cells in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. For details, see the article by Gade et al. on page 9080 of this issue.