Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Examples of cytoplasmatic COX-2 immunoreactivity (brown reaction product) in all cell layers of normal esophageal squamous epithelium (a), in smooth muscle cells of the esophageal wall (arrow) together with unreactive cells of a SCC (*; b). Focal COX-2 immunoreactivity in a moderately differentiated SCC of the esophagus (arrow; c). No COX-2 immunoreactivity in metaplastic Barrett’s mucosa (positive reaction in fibroblastic stromal cells; *; d), in contrast to a moderately differentiated ADC of the esophagus (e). COX-2 immunostaining in cells of the permanent esophageal carcinoma cell line OSC-2 (f).
- Fig. 2.
Western blot demonstrating COX-2 and COX-1 protein expression in seven esophageal SCC samples (Ca-1–7) compared with normal esophageal squamous epithelium (Normal-1). The corresponding COX-2 protein expression levels, quantified by immunohistochemistry (Imm.hist.) according to an immunoreactive scoring system (see “Materials and Methods”), are indicated below the image.
- Fig. 3.
A, RT-PCR products of COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA in esophageal SCC cell lines OSC-1 and OSC-2. B, Western blot demonstrating COX-2 and COX-1 protein expression in esophageal SCC cell lines OSC-1 and OSC-2.
- Fig. 4.
Bicyclo-PGE2 release (A) and 6-keto-PGF1α (B) release by esophageal SCC cells. Data are mean ± SE from four independent experiments.
- Fig. 5.
Inhibition of bicyclo-PGE2 formation in esophageal SCC cells with selective COX-2 inhibitors flosulide and NS-398. Data are mean ± SE from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05 versus control.
- Fig. 6.
Inhibition of cell proliferation with selective COX-2 inhibitors flosulide and NS-398. Data are mean ± SE from five independent experiments. *, P < 0.05 versus control.
- Fig. 7.
Induction of apoptosis in OSC-2 tumor cells by the selective COX-2 inhibitor flosulide as determined by light microscopy. Data are percentages of mean number of apoptotic bodies/100 intact tumor cells.
- Fig. 8.
Numerous apoptotic OSC-2 cells after treatment with 100 μm flosulide (H&E).
Tables
- Table 1
Expression of COX-2 in 172 SCCs and in 27 ADCs of the esophagus as determined by immunohistochemistry
A. Percentage of positive tumor cellsa 0 1 2 3 4 SCC 16 39 36 38 43 ADC 6 3 5 6 7 B.Staining intensityb 0 1+ 2+ SCC 16 109 47 ADC 6 7 14 C.Immunoreactive scorec 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SCC 16 30 34 38 29 11 7 3 4 ADC 6 2 2 7 2 5 2 0 1 -
a Percentage of positive cells: 0, 0–4%; 1, 5–24%; 2, 25–49%; 3, 50–74%; 4, 75–100%.
-
b Staining intensity: 0, negative; 1+, weak; 2+, strong.
-
c Immunoreactive score: combination of a and b (see “Materials and Methods”).
-
Volume 59, Issue 1
