Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Association of RCC susceptibility with single and combined genotypes. GSTM1 (−) and GSTT1 (−), genotypes with two null alleles; GSTM1 (+) and GSTT1 (+), one or two active alleles; GSTM1 (A), genotype with at least one GSTM1*A allele; GSTM1 (non A), genotype with no GSTM1*A allele; CYP2D6 (−), NAT2 (−) and NQO1 (−), two alleles each associated with low levels or a complete lack of enzyme activity; CYP2D6 (+), NAT2 (+), and NQO1 (+), one or two alleles associated with rapid or normal enzyme activity; CYP1A1 (m) and GSTP1 (m), one or two alleles that may affect enzyme activity; CYP1A1 (+) and GSTP1 (+), two alleles possibly associated with normal enzyme activity. The OR and 95% CIs were calculated by logistic regression analysis, with adjustment for age and gender. An OR >1 corresponds to an increase in presumed risk, and an OR <1 corresponds to a decrease in the risk.
Tables
- Table 1
Allele frequencies in RCC cases and controlsa
Enzyme Allele or genotype Frequency (%) Controls Referencesb Cases CYP1A1c CYP1A1*1 (wt) 86.2 89.3 81.9 CYP1A1*2A 5.5 5.0 8.2 CYP1A1*2B 2.8 2.7 3.5 CYP1A1*3 0.0 0.0 0.0 CYP1A1*4 5.5 3.0 6.4 CYP2D6 CYP2D6 (wt)d 73.0 72.5 71.2 CYP2D6*3 1.4 1.8 1.2 CYP2D6*4 19.7 20.4 18.9 CYP2D6*5 2.6 2.5 4.6 CYP2D6*6 1.9 1 1.2 CYP2D6*8 0.0 <0.1 0.0 CYP2D6*10 1.4 1.7 2.9 CYP2D6*12 0.0 <0.1 0.0 CYP2D6*14 0.0 0.0 0.0 NQO1 NQO1*1 (wt) 80.5 81.3 76.3 NQO1*2 19.5 18.7 23.7 GSTM1 GSTM1*0/*0 55.5 53.3 51.4 GSTM1*A/*A and GSTM1*A/*0 22.7 30.3 29.5 GSTM1*B/*B and GSTM1*B/*0 17.5 13.0 13.9 GSTM1*A/*B 4.3 3.4 5.2 GSTT1 GSTT1 wt/wt and GSTT1 wt/*0 81.0 80.5 85.6 GSTT1*0/*0 19.0 19.5 14.4 GSTP1 GSTP1*A (wt) 69.0 70.3 65.3 GSTP1*B 31.0 29.7 34.7 GSTP1*C 0.0 −e 0.0 NAT2 NAT2*4 (wt) 25.3 24.3 23.3 NAT2*5 45.3 46.5 48.1 NAT2*6 28.0 27.3 26.4 NAT2*7 1.2 1.8 1.9 NAT2*14 0.2 <0.1 0.3 -
a The frequencies obtained are for: 210–211 controls and 171–173 RCC cases for CYP1A1, CYP2D6, NQO1, GSTM1, and GSTT1; 211 controls and 159 RCC patients for NAT2; and 189 controls and 160 RCC patients for GSTP1.
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b Reference data are taken from studies with European Caucasians, restricted to those with similar distributions of age and sex, as the control subjects: 880 individuals (42) for CYP1A1; 784 individuals (33 , 43) for CYP2D6; 235 individuals (20 , 44) for NQO1; 950 individuals (18 , 45) for GSTM1; 867 individuals (18 , 45) for GSTT1; 180 individuals (46) for GSTP1; and 1128 individuals (18 , 47 48 49) for NAT2.
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c Nomenclature of alleles is as described by Cascorbi et al. (42) .
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d CYP2D6 (wt) represents the alleles associated with normal or ultrarapid CYP2D6 activity; the CYP2D6*10 allele has also been excluded from the PM alleles (33 , 50) .
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e No data have been reported with regards to GSTP1*C allele frequency in Caucasians.
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- Table 2
Distribution of genotypes in RCC and control populations
Locus wt/wt (%) wt/ma (%) m/m (%) Number of subjects CYP1A1 Controls 156 (74.3) 50 (23.8) 4 (1.9) 210 Cases 114 (66.7) 52 (30.4) 5 (2.9) 171 CYP2D6 Controls 110 (52.1) 89 (42.2) 12 (5.7) 211 Cases 93 (54.1) 65 (37.8) 14 (8.1) 172 NQO1 Controls 136 (64.8) 66 (31.4) 8 (3.8) 210 Cases 102 (58.9) 60 (34.7) 11 (6.4) 173 GSTP1 Controls 93 (49.2) 75 (39.7) 21 (11.1) 189 Cases 71 (44.4) 67 (41.9) 22 (13.7) 160 NAT2 Controls 16 (7.6) 75 (35.5) 120 (56.9) 211 Cases 10 (6.3) 54 (34.0) 95 (59.7) 159 -
a m, allele carrying at least one nucleotide change associated with altered phenotypic activity (variant CYP1A1* alleles; PM CYP2D6* alleles, defective NQO1* alleles; variant GSTP1* alleles, and slow acetylator NAT2* alleles). wt, allele with no such nucleotide changes. For distribution of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes, see Table 1 <$REFLINK> .
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Volume 59, Issue 12
