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Cell and Tumor Biology

Proteasome Inhibitors Trigger NOXA-Mediated Apoptosis in Melanoma and Myeloma Cells

Jian-Zhong Qin, Jeffrey Ziffra, Lawrence Stennett, Barbara Bodner, Brian K. Bonish, Vijaya Chaturvedi, Frank Bennett, Pamela M. Pollock, Jeffrey M. Trent, Mary J.C. Hendrix, Paola Rizzo, Lucio Miele and Brian J. Nickoloff
Jian-Zhong Qin
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Vijaya Chaturvedi
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Jeffrey M. Trent
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Mary J.C. Hendrix
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Paola Rizzo
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Lucio Miele
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Brian J. Nickoloff
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DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0676 Published July 2005
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Abstract

Patients with metastatic melanoma or multiple myeloma have a dismal prognosis because these aggressive malignancies resist conventional treatment. A promising new oncologic approach uses molecularly targeted therapeutics that overcomes apoptotic resistance and, at the same time, achieves tumor selectivity. The unexpected selectivity of proteasome inhibition for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, but not in normal cells, prompted us to define the mechanism of action for this class of drugs, including Food and Drug Administration–approved bortezomib. In this report, five melanoma cell lines and a myeloma cell line are treated with three different proteasome inhibitors (MG-132, lactacystin, and bortezomib), and the mechanism underlying the apoptotic pathway is defined. Following exposure to proteasome inhibitors, effective killing of human melanoma and myeloma cells, but not of normal proliferating melanocytes, was shown to involve p53-independent induction of the BH3-only protein NOXA. Induction of NOXA at the protein level was preceded by enhanced transcription of NOXA mRNA. Engagement of mitochondrial-based apoptotic pathway involved release of cytochrome c, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases, and apoptosis-inducing factor, accompanied by a proteolytic cascade with processing of caspases 9, 3, and 8 and poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase. Blocking NOXA induction using an antisense (but not control) oligonucleotide reduced the apoptotic response by 30% to 50%, indicating a NOXA-dependent component in the overall killing of melanoma cells. These results provide a novel mechanism for overcoming the apoptotic resistance of tumor cells, and validate agents triggering NOXA induction as potential selective cancer therapeutics for life-threatening malignancies such as melanoma and multiple myeloma.

  • proteasome inhibitors
  • melanoma
  • myeloma
  • NOXA
  • Bortezomib

Footnotes

  • Note: Supplementary data for this are available at Cancer Research Online (http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/).

  • Received February 28, 2005.
  • Revision received April 20, 2005.
  • Accepted April 25, 2005.
  • ©2005 American Association for Cancer Research.
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Cancer Research: 65 (14)
July 2005
Volume 65, Issue 14
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Proteasome Inhibitors Trigger NOXA-Mediated Apoptosis in Melanoma and Myeloma Cells
Jian-Zhong Qin, Jeffrey Ziffra, Lawrence Stennett, Barbara Bodner, Brian K. Bonish, Vijaya Chaturvedi, Frank Bennett, Pamela M. Pollock, Jeffrey M. Trent, Mary J.C. Hendrix, Paola Rizzo, Lucio Miele and Brian J. Nickoloff
Cancer Res July 15 2005 (65) (14) 6282-6293; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0676

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Proteasome Inhibitors Trigger NOXA-Mediated Apoptosis in Melanoma and Myeloma Cells
Jian-Zhong Qin, Jeffrey Ziffra, Lawrence Stennett, Barbara Bodner, Brian K. Bonish, Vijaya Chaturvedi, Frank Bennett, Pamela M. Pollock, Jeffrey M. Trent, Mary J.C. Hendrix, Paola Rizzo, Lucio Miele and Brian J. Nickoloff
Cancer Res July 15 2005 (65) (14) 6282-6293; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0676
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