Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Up-regulation of Smurf2 in breast cancers. A, immunohistochemical staining of tumor (A3, D5, E9) and matching normal (A4, D6, E10) tissues in a breast cancer tissue array with anti-Smurf1 or anti-Smurf2 antibody. Three pairs of representative images are shown here and coordinates of each sample in the array were given in the top right corner. Scale bar, 4 μm. B, expression of Smurfs, Smads, and TβRI receptor in various cancer and normal control cells. *, a nonspecific band above the Smurf2 band. C, normal activation of Smads in MCF-10A and MDA-MB-231 cells. D, attenuated Smad expression induced by prolonged exposure (2 d) to TGF-β is resistant to RNAi-mediated knockdown of Smurf1 and/or Smurf2 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Left, protein levels in normal MCF-10A cells.
- Figure 2.
Requirement of elevated Smurf expression for the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Transient transfection of siRNAs was used to attenuate Smurfs expression in MDA-MD-231 cells. A, immunofluorescent staining of F-actin showing disruption of cell protrusion as the result of interfering with Smurfs expression. Scale bar, 5 μm. B to C, cell migration and invasion assays in transwell chambers. Scale bar, 10 μm.
- Figure 3.
Elevated Smurf2 expression promotes breast cancer cell metastasis. A, comparable endogenous Smurf1 and Smurf2 levels between normal MCF-10A and metastatic MCF10Ca1a cells. B, elevated Smurf2 and Smurf2CG expression in the MCF10Ca1a cell–derived stable lines. C, percentage of animals with lung metastases (n = 25), and (D) number of histologically confirmed lung metastasis foci per lung in mice inoculated with stable MCF10Ca1a cells bearing pBabe vector, pBabe-Smurf2, or pBabe-Smurf2CG (n = 25). Columns, mean; bars, SD. Statistically significant differences (P) between Smurf2 or Smurf2CG-expressing cells versus pBabe-puro vector control cells are indicated.
- Figure 4.
Enhanced N-cadherin expression, migration, and invasiveness of MCF10Ca1a cells expressing elevated Smurf2. A, Western analyses of stable MCF10Cala cells for Smads and cadherin expression. B, thymidine incorporation assay for TGF-β–induced growth inhibition. C to D, transwell migration and invasion assays of stable MCF10Ca1a cells.
Additional Files
Supplementary Data, Jin, et al.
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Volume 69, Issue 3
