Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Genetic instability, lymphoma latency, and lifespan are increased in separate isogenic colonies of Atm−/− mice. A, genetic instability (DNA deletions) was measured by Pun reversion assays (n = 22, 83, and 62 for Harvard, SPF-S, and SPF-N, respectively). B, Kaplan–Meier survival curve (n = 34 and 31 for SPF-S and SPF-N, respectively). C, lymphoma latency was determined for the subset of mice developing lymphoma (n = 13 and 15 for SPF-S and SPF-N, respectively). D, an unweighted UniFrac analysis of bacteria in Atm+/− mice in SPF-S (light spheres) and SPF-N (dark spheres) conditions. Spheres around points (individual mice) indicate the 95% confidence ranges estimated by bootstrap resampling of data sets at 1,300 reads.
- Figure 2.
Lifespan, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress of Atm−/− mice bearing CM and RM microbiota. A, Kaplan–Meier survival of CM and RM Atm−/− mice (n = 38 and 31 for CM and RM mice, respectively). B, peripheral blood erythrocyte micronuclei levels (n = 5 and 6 for CM and RM mice, respectively). C, olive tail moments in blood leukocytes (n = 5 for both groups). D, oxidative stress measured by GSH/GSSG ratios (n = 3 and 2 for CM and RM mice, respectively). All measurements were in mice ages 4 to 6 months. Error bars indicate SE.
- Figure 3.
Intestinal microbiota in CM and RM mice are distinct at the community and phyla levels. A and B, a normalized weighted UniFrac analysis of bacteria in mice in CM and RM conditions. C, area plot of phyla in CM and RM mice by genotype and intestinal region. Colored rectangles at bottom designate phyla type. Asterisks in area plot designate Proteobacteria. See Supplementary Fig. S3 for a complete Phyla legend. D, distribution and abundance of Proteobacteria by genotype and intestinal region. For CM, n = 3, 7, 3, 7 for small intestine (SI)-Atm+/+, SI-Atm−/−, colon (CLN)-Atm+/+, and CLN-Atm−/−, respectively. For RM, n = 3, 4, 3, 4 for SI-Atm+/+, SI-Atm−/−, CLN-Atm+/+, and CLN-Atm−/−, respectively. Differences were assessed by Mann–Whitney U tests.
- Figure 4.
Intestinal microbiota in CM and RM mice are distinct at the OTU level. A, area plot of the most abundant OTUs in CM and RM mice by genotype and intestinal region. Black and white asterisks designate P. asaccharolytica and L. johnsonii, respectively. B, distribution and abundance of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica by genotype and intestinal region. Differences were assessed by Mann–Whitney U tests. C, distribution and abundance of L. johnsonii by genotype and intestinal region. Differences were assessed by Mann–Whitney U tests. See Fig. 3 for mouse numbers per genotype and intestinal region.
- Figure 5.
Effect of oral administration of L. johnsonii on genotoxicity and inflammation in CM Atm−/− mice. A, fecal levels of L. johnsonii were quantified by qPCR. B, micronucleus quantification in RBCs. C and D, levels of hepatic NK (C) and T cells (D) were quantitated by flow cytometry for CD335 and CD3 cells, respectively. E, hepatic tissue levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA, and fold change was calculated for L. johnsonii relative to vehicle (PBS) control groups. Error bars indicate SE. *, P < 0.05 by Student t tests.
Additional Files
Supplementary Data
Files in this Data Supplement:
- Supplementary Methods - PDF file - 53K
- Supplementary Figure 1 - PDF file - 226K, Relative Abundance of Indicator Bacterial Phylotypes in Mice Fecal bacteria of age- and litter-matched SPF-N and SPF-S mice (n = 4-5 for each type) were subjected to an indicator analysis.
- Supplementary Figure 2 - PDF file - 94K, Effect of Oral Administration of L. johnsonii on Genotoxicity and Inflammation.
- Supplementary Figure 3 - PDF file - 197K, Phyla Legend.
- Supplementary Table 1 - PDF file - 369K, Reverse PCR primers used in the Illumina-based high throughput sequence analysis of bacterial rRNA genes.
- Supplementary Table 2 - PDF file - 61K, Relative Abundance of Phyla of CM and RM Mice by Genotype and Intestinal Region.
- Supplementary Table 3 - PDF file - 551K, Relative Abundance of OTU of CM and RM Mice by Genotype and Intestinal Region.
Volume 73, Issue 14
