Retraction: Inhibition of Angiogenesis and Invasion by 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Is Mediated by the Nuclear Factor–κB Downstream Target Genes MMP-9 and uPA that Regulated Bioavailability of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Prostate Cancer

This article (1) has been retracted at the request of the editors. Following an institutional review by Wayne State University (Detroit, MI), the primary affiliation for several of the authors, it was determined that data used in Figs. 4 and 6B were inappropriately manipulated, fabricated, and/or falsified. In Fig. 4, the same MMP-9 Western blot bands were used to represent data from LNCaP (Fig. 4C) and C4–2B (Fig. 4D) cells; in Fig. 6B, the same image was used to represent DMSO control and 10 μmol/L B-DIM treatment. As a result of these findings, the institution recommended retraction and, upon internal review, the editors agree with this recommendation.

A copy of this Retraction Notice was sent to the last known email addresses for four of the five authors. Four authors (Y. Li, Z. Wang, S. Banerjee, and F.H. Sarkar) did not respond; the remaining author (D. Kong) could not be located.