PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Colin Campbell, T.
AU  - Chen, Junshi
AU  - Liu, Chongbo
AU  - Li, Junyao
AU  - Parpia, Banoo
TI  - Nonassociation of Aflatoxin with Primary Liver Cancer in a Cross-Sectional Ecological Survey in the People's Republic of China
DP  - 1990 Nov 01
TA  - Cancer Research
PG  - 6882--6893
VI  - 50
IP  - 21
4099  - http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/50/21/6882.short
4100  - http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/50/21/6882.full
SO  - Cancer Res1990 Nov 01; 50
AB  - A comprehensive cross-sectional survey was undertaken in The People's Republic of China of possible risk factors for primary liver cancer (PLC) to include 48 survey sites, an approximately 600-fold aflatoxin exposure range, a 39-fold range of PLC mortality rates, a 28-fold range of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg+) carrier prevalence, and estimation of exposures for a large number of other nutritional, dietary, and life-style features. PLC mortality was unrelated to aflatoxin intake (r = -0.17) but was positively correlated with HBsAg+ prevalence (P < 0.001), plasma cholesterol (P < 0.01), frequency of liquor consumption (P < 0.01), and mean daily intake of cadmium from foods of plant origin (P < 0.01). Multiple regression analyses for various combinations of risk factors showed that aflatoxin exposure consistently remained unassociated with PLC mortality regardless of variable adjustment. In contrast, associations of PLC mortality with HBsAg+, plasma cholesterol, and cadmium intake remained, regardless of model specification, while the association with liquor consumption was markedly attenuated (was nonsignificant) with adjustment for plasma cholesterol. The sharp contrast between the findings of no aflatoxin effect upon PLC prevalence in this survey and the positive correlation reported for previous but more restricted surveys is discussed. Based on the results of this survey and the data of laboratory animal and in vitro studies, an explanatory model for the etiology of PLC is proposed, taking into consideration the role of nutrition in the etiology of this disease. ©1990 American Association for Cancer Research.