Table 1.

Effect of Casodex and HDHS on cell cycle distribution in AR-dependent and AR-independent PCa cells

Treatments	G₀-G₁ phase	G₂-M phase	S phase	Sub-G₁ phase
LNCaP cells
Control	61.7 ± 1.7	22.0 ± 1.9	11.2 ± 1.2	0.9 ± 0.5
Casodex (1 μmol/L)	62.1 ± 3.5 *	21.8 ± 2.0 *	10.1 ± 1.7 *	1.0 ± 0.5 *
Casodex (10 μmol/L)	61.3 ± 3.4 *	22.3 ± 1.7 *	10.4 ± 1.5 *	1.3 ± 0.8 *
HDHS (2.5 μmol/L)	62.6 ± 2.8 *	21.1 ± 2.4 *	11.5 ± 2.1 *	0.8 ± 0.4 *
HDHS (5 μmol/L)	66.9 ± 2.0 ^†	18.7 ± 3.5 *	8.1 ± 1.8 ^†	3.9 ± 0.7 ^†
HDHS (10 μmol/L)	45.1 ± 3.1 ^‡	20.2 ± 2.1 *	6.8 ± 2.4 ^†	24.3 ± 3.1 ^‡
22Rv1 cells
Control	52.7 ± 2.7	25.8 ± 2.1	13.4 ± 1.5	1.4 ± 0.6
Casodex (1 μmol/L)	53.5 ± 2.6 *	25.0 ± 1.6 *	13.5 ± 2.3 *	1.5 ± 1.1 *
Casodex (10 μmol/L)	53.0 ± 3.2 *	25.4 ± 1.0 *	12.2 ± 1.8 *	2.3 ± 1.8 *
HDHS (2.5 μmol/L)	54.5 ± 2.5 *	24.8 ± 2.4 *	11.2 ± 1.9 *	2.2 ± 0.8 *
HDHS (5 μmol/L)	57.9 ± 1.9 ^†	23.7 ± 2.7 *	8.0 ± 1.4 ^‡	3.8 ± 0.9 ^†
HDHS (10 μmol/L)	48.4 ± 2.9 ^‡	24.5 ± 2.0 *	5.7 ± 2.2 ^‡	14.4 ± 3.7 ^‡
PC-3 cells
Control	50.0 ± 2.2	26.1 ± 2.1	19.8 ± 1.6	2.0 ± 0.8
Casodex (1 μmol/L)	51.1 ± 3.6 *	24.4 ± 2.5 *	18.5 ± 2.1 *	2.3 ± 1.5 *
Casodex (10 μmol/L)	51.0 ± 2.1 *	25.2 ± 2.1 *	19.0 ± 1.3 *	1.8 ± 1.4 *
HDHS (2.5 μmol/L)	52.7 ± 2.0 *	24.9 ± 2.7 *	19.2 ± 1.0 *	2.3 ± 0.7 *
HDHS (5 μmol/L)	55.9 ± 2.9 ^†	19.5 ± 2.9 ^†	18.8 ± 1.1 *	2.8 ± 0.9 *
HDHS (10 μmol/L)	58.2 ± 2.8 ^‡	19.2 ± 3.2 ^†	18.0 ± 1.9 *	2.1 ± 0.6 *

NOTE: The cells were treated with vehicle alone or indicated dose of treatments for 48 h, stained with propidium iodide, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Percentage of cell population in sub-G₁, G₀-G₁, S, and G₂-M phases was calculated using EXPO32 ADC analysis. Each value represents the mean ± SD from two independent experiments of four replicates. Each indicated treatment versus vehicle control was statistically compared by paired t test.
↵* P = not significant.
↵† P ≤ 0.05.
↵‡ P ≤ 0.01.